Cancer and fertility: How young patients are preserving their chance to become parents

According to global estimates published in The Lancet Oncology, nearly 1 in 10 new cancer diagnoses occur in individuals under the age of 40; an age group where fertility is a key concern with regards to quality-of-life. Several studies highlight that 50 to 80% of cancer survivors in this age bracket may experience temporary or permanent fertility loss which can lead to amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) and azoospermia (absence of sperm) in women and men respectively. The cause for this fertility loss is the treatments such as Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy and surgery. In many cases, the treatments also cause hormonal imbalance impacting sperm quality and production as well as the menstruation cycle.

Despite these challenges, it is always a priority for oncologists and reproductive specialists to protect or salvage fertility whenever medically feasible. Fertility preservation is now considered an essential part of comprehensive cancer care, especially for younger patients and children. Considering the effects are mental and physical, fertility preservation is crucial for both physiological and psychological well-being.

Specialists adopt several fertility-sparing approaches tailored to each patient. These include sperm and egg freezing , embryo cryopreservation , ovarian and testicular tissue banking (especially for children), ovarian suppression during chemotherapy, and surgical techniques like ovarian transposition. For certain cancers, we explore less gonadotoxic chemotherapy protocols whenever clinically appropriate.

We also offer cutting-edge technologies like in vitro maturation (IVM) and are tracking emerging innovations such as artificial ovaries and stem cell-based fertility restoration. Our clinicians are actively involved in research aimed at improving these outcomes and expanding the fertility options available to survivors.

However, significant barriers remain. High treatment costs, limited awareness, and time constraints can delay or prevent access to fertility care. That is why we provide dedicated financial guidance, fertility counseling , and patient support programs to ensure timely decision-making and unfettered access.

(Dr. Preetam Jain, Consultant Oncology K J Somaiya Hospital & Research Centre)